The Effects of an Obesity Control Program for Children in Pediatric and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This research was conducted to compare the effects of an obesity control program on knowledge of obesity, diet habit, exercise habits, and weight loss of children in a pediatric and adolescent psychiatric hospital. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was used for this study. Eighteen patients were participated in the experimental group and seventeen were participated in the control group. For 8 weeks, the experimental group received the interventions for fifty minutes weekly, which were consisted of knowledge of obesity, diet habit, and exercise habits and weight loss, while the control group received the usual care during the same period. The outcome variables were measured before and after the program. Data were analyzed using t-test with SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: The experimental group showed more significant improvement in knowledge of obesity, diet and exercise habits than the control group, but weight loss was not different between the groups. CONCLUSION: To be more effective obesity control program, nurses should collaborate with other staffs including doctors and social workers, and consistently educate the families of the patients.

Immunohistochemical Expression of CD34 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma / 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: Angiogenesis plays an important role in progression, invasion and metastasis of solid tumors. The Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is thought to be a selective mitogen for endothelial cells. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a typical hypervascular tumor. However, the relationship between angiogenesis and angiogenic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma has not been evaluated. We investigated the relationship between microvessel density (MVD) and expression of VEGF in hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemlcal staining, using anti-CD34 and anti-VEGF antibodies, was applied in 32 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Also, relationship between these neovascular factors (MVD and VEGF expression) and clinicopathologic parameters such as tumor size, bistologic grade, alpha-fetoprotein level, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, presence of cirrhosis and survival was evaluated. RESULTS: CD34 was reactive throughout the neoplastic tissue, albeit it was confined to a few periportal sinusoids and vessels in fibrous septa of adjacent cirrhotic liver. MVD was 59.6+22.7 and 44.3+21.5 in hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis, respectively. VEGF was expressed in 9 cases (28.1%) of hepatocellular carcinoma, which was localized to the cytoplasm. MVD and VEGF expression was not significantly correlated (P>0.05). MVD was correlated with presence of cirrhosis and inversely conelated with alpha- fetoprotein level (p0.05). Expression of VEGF was not correlated with all clinicopathologic parameters (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that MVD in hepatocellular carcinoma is not directly correlated with VEGF expression, and suggest that other angiogenic factor may be involved in neovascularization of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, CD34 expression is closely associated with neovascular process in cirrhosis and hepatocelluar carcinoma.